Servant leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Servant leadership - Research Paper Example At the organizational level, leadership remains core. Depending on the nature and effectiveness of the leadership employed in an organization, the organization might succeed and experience increased productivity, or it might experience adverse effects. This is mainly because, in an organization, leadership has an impact on employees, and other vital functions that determine the productivity level of the organization. This paper discusses leadership in an organization, mainly basing on the model of servant leadership that was advanced by Greenleaf H., and special attention is drawn to the not for profits organizations. All organizations must have a form of leadership; however, leadership varies depending on the type of organization. Therefore, there is a difference in the way leadership is practised in not for profit organizations and those organizations in the public sector. According to Erickson (2007) research on leadership in not for profit organizations is scarce, as more research efforts are aimed at the organizations in the public sector. Therefore, by focusing more on leadership in not for profit organizations, this paper will make important contribution to the knowledge on this topic. According to Eisenhower Dwight, â€Å"Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it† (Hughes et al, 2006, p. 405). This shows that for one to be a leader, he or she must have some kind of an influence on the followers. It can also be concluded from this definition that in order for a leader to ensure the success of their organization, he or she must create commitment among the followers, who are employees, and also ensure that the employees are willing to work towards improvement in different aspects of the organization. The past decades have seen great change in the social, economic, and political aspects in

Unity and diversity in Contemporary America.(The Module) Essay

Unity and diversity in Contemporary America.(The Module) - Essay Example In this piece of writing, we are going to discuss and justify in depth the pragmatic Obama. President Obama’s foreign policies and decision making undergoes intensive planning and careful evaluation, only two years in his presidency Obama achieved success in four out of five countries he had earlier on engaged in national security issues. In events that seem out of control and beyond his capacity president Obama does not make snarl decisions based on certain ideologies but he resorts to analyzing how the events stretch out.. Not more than two years of his presidency, Obama has faced many foreign policy situations than any of his precursors. His leadership has been put to test in all perspectives availing a ground upon which criticism from his opponents and evaluation from his supporters use to rate him in matters to do with foreign policy (Obiwuru et al. 2011). Way back during his presidential campaigns, Obama set forth several strategies and principles that would be the path to his foreign policies. This includes the five denotative national security policy issues that he made the priority; to put an end to war in Iraq, to reduce nuclear weapons in the world, fight the terrorist groups that are Al Qaeda and Taliban, energy safety and reconstructing the confederations and working other countries in tackling today’s challenges. War in Iraq had been an issue that affected the overall world peace, this being one of the priorities president Obama managed to decimate this war with little criticism and minimal international concern (Lowenthal 2010). President Obama began by withdrawing 10000 soldiers from Iraq and launching operation new dawn that replaced the operation Iraqi freedom in 2010. The American soldiers were given new missions of advising, training, and helping the Iraqi security forces in bringing order and peace. Even thoug h plan to withdraw the US soldiers was prior to president Obama’s election he

The Han and Rome Essay Example for Free

The Han and Rome Essay From 206 B.C.E. 220 C.E., the Han dynasty, in China, accumulated many political control methods, as did Imperial Rome reigning from 31 B.C.E. – 476 C.E. However, there were more differences than similarities between the two empires/dynasties. Two main differences were China and Rome’s territorial expansion and their political philosophies (mandate of heaven and monarchy). A similarity between these two empires would be their centralized government adopting bureaucracy. China put their trust in the mandate of heaven, which is a Chinese political theory that gave those in power the right to rule from a divine authority. Imperial Rome relied on a monarchy system, which put Augustus Caesar (Julius Caesar’s son) into power. Another factor that differentiated Han China and Imperial Rome was their territorial expansion. Imperial Rome expanded from Italy to Spain, Gaul, Macedonia, Asia Minor, Egypt, Greece and Britannia. However, although Han China expands throughout Asia, they felt they did not need to expand much to sustain their power. Nonetheless, what allowed Han China and Imperial Rome to resemble each other, was there centralized bureaucracies. This is a government system in which all of the important decisions are made by one or a few authorities in a region. Rowland 2 Han China (206 B.C.E. 220 C.E.) and Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E. – 476 C.E.) discriminate more with their political methods, than relate to one another. Two distinctions would be their political philosophies, mandate of heaven and monarchy, and their territorial expansion concepts. One aspect that helped them relate to one another was that they shared the ideal of a centralized bureaucracy.

Loneliness in Of Mice and Men

Loneliness in Of Mice and Men Loneliness is an inevitable part of life, which many individuals struggle with. It is an emotional response to a lack of companionship and communication with others, which has a huge impact in ones overall behavior. Some impacted individuals may try to end their loneliness; others become hopeless and bitter. The theme of loneliness is presented in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men. The novel Of Mice and Men portrays loneliness as a complex emotion that often drives individuals to behavioral extremes. Steinbeck uses characters, some of the most important ones including Curleys wife, Candy and Crooks, to reflect on the discriminative time period that ultimately lead to the characters loneliness and particular behaviors. Curleys wife is a major female character in Of Mice and Men and is married to Curley, a very aggressive ranch worker that proves his masculinity by fighting other workers and marrying a physically attractive woman; moreover, he was the boss son. Curley had a huge control over his wife which was very common during the Great Depression, and the other workers. He had forbidden all of the workers from talking to his wife. Desperate for friends, attention and respect, Curleys wife uses her beauty and status with Curley to her advantage. In chapter 4, she intimidated the workers in Crooks room as of means for getting attention and threatened Crooks when he told her to leave his room, saying that he could get sprung up on a tree so easy, it aint even funny (Steinbeck 81). Her new behavior resulted in further discrimination and harassment. She was labelled as a tramp (Steinbeck 32), and other derogatory names. She felt powerless and lonely. The only person that Curleys wife could talk to was Lennie, because he was not conscious of her current situation. In her last moments with Lennie in the barn scene, she finally felt like she was being acknowledged and listened to. For the first time, she confessed that I don like Curley. He aint a nice fella (Steinbeck 89). She became vulnerable to her humanity and this ironically lead to her death. Curleys wife is a brilliant example of the oppression against women in the 1930s, sexism, and some of the behavioral changes that came along with being stripped of ones identity in society. There are other reasons why people were discriminated and isolated, some of which includes ageism and ableism. Candy was the oldest ranch worker in the book, that lost his right arm in an accident. He was discriminated because of his age and disability, and was an outcast. He had no family, except for the dog he raised. His dog used to be of great usefulness, but as the dog became older, he became less useful and helpless. This resulted in him being shot by Carlson which intensified Candys loneliness. Candys dog is a prime example of the social issue of ageism and ableism in society at that time. Workers were expected to be productive on the ranch, and if one no longer met that demand, due to age or ability to perform certain tasks, they would be dismissed and left to suffer (Steinbeck 1937).ÂÂ   Candy recognizes that the same thing will happen to him, and he tells George that Jus as soon as I cant swamp out no bunkhouses theyll put me on the county (Steinbeck 60). To escape his loneliness and eventual fate of getting kicked, Candy becames quickly invested in George and Lennies dream, offering a total of $350 towards the dream farm. Spose I went in with you guys. Thas three hundred an fifty bucks Id put in. I aint much good, but I could cook and tend the chickens and hoe the garden some. Howd that be? (Steinbeck 59). He was very attached and hooked onto the dream of the farm, and persisted to have the farm in spite of what happened with Lennie later in the novel. The farm would have eliminated his fear of being alone, and develop another relationship worth cherishing. His current position in society forced him to develop a specific mindset to escape his destination. One of the biggest issues that was prevalent in the Great Depression was racism, which Crooks was a victim of. He was physically separated from the other men, and had limited contact with others. As a replacement for friendship, he kept himself occupied with books. Still, he admitted that Books aint no good, and that A guy needs somebody to be near him. A guy goes nuts when if he aint got nobody (Steinbeck 72). In the Great Depression, black people faced racial discrimination and segregation from the dominant, white culture (Pinckney, 2002). However, this was greatly exaggerated in the story as Crooks was the only black man on the ranch. Unlike Curleys wife and Candy, Crooks accepted his role in society because he knew that he was powerless against the oppressive forces of racism. He was aware that he was treated as if he was less important than the other men and did not have a voice in society. This is just a nigger talkin, an a busted-back nigger. So it dont mean nothing, see? (St einbeck 71). The sad reality of the Great Depression deprived Crooks from his right to be treated like an equal human being with self-worth and connection with others. His acceptance of the situation became the strongest antidote to his experience; however, it intensified his loneliness. The Great Depression was a time of prejudice present in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men. Curleys Wife, Candy, and Crooks were some of the characters who represented the loneliness and isolation brought on by their time period. These characters faced social issues like racism, sexism, and ageism, resembling the oppression of minority groups by the discriminatory nature of their society. Each character recognized their loneliness, and depending on what their current situation and role in society was, they took specific actions to fight against, or cope with it. Steinbeck has made it clear that the loneliness brought on by discrimination does significantly impact ones behavior, actions and mindsets. Todays generation better understands the societal implications of loneliness and discrimination. It should be societys goal to diminish all forms of discrimination and be supportive of what others go through in their lifetimes in order to lead a better, healthier, and more connected life for all. Works Cited Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York, Penguin, 1993. Pinckney, Shelley. Chapter 6: Race and Civil Rights: The 30s and 40s. Communism in Washington State, depts.washington.edu/labhist/cpproject/pinckney.shtml.

Schools Equating Disability with Inability to Learn :: Education Disabilities Teaching Essays

Schools Equating Disability with Inability to Learn One need not consult a scholar of education to learn that each and every individual experiences the educational system in a different way. Most people would even be able to point to the factors that most influence our differences in the way we are taught--race, class, and gender. In focusing in on those three, however, some factors which are pretty influential are sometimes ignored. One of these is physical and other disabilities. In an interview with a disabled individual, â€Å"Phillip", I learned a number of things. To begin with, I was ignorant about the extent of discrimination that disabled individuals face in the formal educational setting. Secondly, the discrimination that disabled individuals face is similar to that which economically disadvantaged individuals experience. In Phillip's case, the similarities were seen in the his being tracked in the lower level and the presumption that deaf is synonymous with ineducable. So although Phillip and I are of the same race, and our families are relatively close in socioeconomic status, we experienced school in a drastically different way--simply because Phillip has a hearing disability. Phillip has a profound sensorineural loss, which essentially means that he can hear very little of conversational speech, even though he wears a hearing aid in one ear. Although Phillip communicates without sign language and other augmentative communication, he has experienced many trials throughout his life, especially in the educational setting. He understands language only by reading lips and using contextual cues according to his environment. Phillip doesn't remember much of his elementary school experience, but for the most part, his language was very poor, from a developmental perspective, and he was kept in classes where there were only deaf students present. He refers to his elementary school experience as "positive," but isn't really sure whether it was just the fun and excitement of his youth which overwhelmed the barriers that he would later experience in his life. Phillip's true experience with discrimination in the school setting began when he entered junior high, where he was mainstreamed, and took subjects among all of his peers, whether they were hearing or not. In high school Phillip was partially mainstreamed. He took English and other required courses with his deaf peers, but for his electives and physical education, he was put in classes where the majority of the population was hearing. In junior high, Phillip has vivid memories of not being able to understand teachers.

The Fate of Prometheus Essay -- Prometheus

The Fate of Prometheus â€Å"Ah me, alas, pain, pain ever, forever! / No change, no pause, no hope! – Yet I endure† (I, 23-24) – such are the words of Prometheus, when in desperation and overwhelmed by emotion, his thoughts dissolve in sheer agony and turn to himself, away from the Mighty God whose â€Å"ill tyranny† has nailed him to the â€Å"eagle-baffling mountain† (I, 19-20). In his essay, Prometheus: The Romantic Revolutionary, Northrop Frye observes that â€Å"pain is the condition which keeps Prometheus conscious† (96), because in reflection, he is confronted with himself, and his sense of self and being. But he is quick to call once again on the â€Å"cruel King† (I, 50), who has sentenced him to his fate, after begging the natural world to hear his cries and not punish him, no longer to injure his bones by â€Å"burning cold† (I, 33) the chains that bind him or let â€Å"Heaven’s winged hound† (I, 33) feed upon him. His word s echo his earlier sentiment, found in Aeschylus’ work, where he mourns himself, as a â€Å"spectacle of pity† (14) who must suffer the â€Å"disease of tyranny (13) . In his quest and the earlier part of his imprisonment, Prometheus still longed to engage and relate to the Olympian, as â€Å"a counterpart of himself† (Frye 96), as one god contesting with another for power over and influence on the world. This struggle resulted in the imprisonment of Prometheus, because he craved to incite a revolution, where he desired not to transform the degenerate system of Jupiter but overturn it. Frye reminds us that â€Å"Jupiter’s real impetus is toward chaos rather than order† (96), as understood through the initial conversation between Prometheus and the Earth, where he identifies her as a â€Å"living spirit† (I, 139) but she is fearful of that description... ...wer-hungry and egotistical spirit-self within him, which had fastened him to the rock, the altar on which the Priest-King Jupiter had punished him without relief with the power given him. In freeing his true self, Prometheus recognizes the eternal truth that his being was never bound. Works Cited Aeschylus. Prometheus Bound. 7 Famous Greek Plays. Ed. Whitney J, Oates and Eugene O’Neill Jr. New York: Vintage Books, 1950. 5-42. Frye, Northrop. Prometheus: The Romantic Revolutionary. A Study of English Romanticism. New York: Random House, 1968. 87-124. Kierkegaard, Soren. Sickness Unto Death. A Kierkegaard Anthology. Ed. Robert Bretall. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962. 339-371. Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Prometheus Unbound. Shelley’s Poetry and Prose. Ed. Donald H. Reiman and Neil Fraistat. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2002. 206-283.    The Fate of Prometheus Essay -- Prometheus The Fate of Prometheus â€Å"Ah me, alas, pain, pain ever, forever! / No change, no pause, no hope! – Yet I endure† (I, 23-24) – such are the words of Prometheus, when in desperation and overwhelmed by emotion, his thoughts dissolve in sheer agony and turn to himself, away from the Mighty God whose â€Å"ill tyranny† has nailed him to the â€Å"eagle-baffling mountain† (I, 19-20). In his essay, Prometheus: The Romantic Revolutionary, Northrop Frye observes that â€Å"pain is the condition which keeps Prometheus conscious† (96), because in reflection, he is confronted with himself, and his sense of self and being. But he is quick to call once again on the â€Å"cruel King† (I, 50), who has sentenced him to his fate, after begging the natural world to hear his cries and not punish him, no longer to injure his bones by â€Å"burning cold† (I, 33) the chains that bind him or let â€Å"Heaven’s winged hound† (I, 33) feed upon him. His word s echo his earlier sentiment, found in Aeschylus’ work, where he mourns himself, as a â€Å"spectacle of pity† (14) who must suffer the â€Å"disease of tyranny (13) . In his quest and the earlier part of his imprisonment, Prometheus still longed to engage and relate to the Olympian, as â€Å"a counterpart of himself† (Frye 96), as one god contesting with another for power over and influence on the world. This struggle resulted in the imprisonment of Prometheus, because he craved to incite a revolution, where he desired not to transform the degenerate system of Jupiter but overturn it. Frye reminds us that â€Å"Jupiter’s real impetus is toward chaos rather than order† (96), as understood through the initial conversation between Prometheus and the Earth, where he identifies her as a â€Å"living spirit† (I, 139) but she is fearful of that description... ...wer-hungry and egotistical spirit-self within him, which had fastened him to the rock, the altar on which the Priest-King Jupiter had punished him without relief with the power given him. In freeing his true self, Prometheus recognizes the eternal truth that his being was never bound. Works Cited Aeschylus. Prometheus Bound. 7 Famous Greek Plays. Ed. Whitney J, Oates and Eugene O’Neill Jr. New York: Vintage Books, 1950. 5-42. Frye, Northrop. Prometheus: The Romantic Revolutionary. A Study of English Romanticism. New York: Random House, 1968. 87-124. Kierkegaard, Soren. Sickness Unto Death. A Kierkegaard Anthology. Ed. Robert Bretall. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962. 339-371. Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Prometheus Unbound. Shelley’s Poetry and Prose. Ed. Donald H. Reiman and Neil Fraistat. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2002. 206-283.   

Normal Flora Essay

Normal flora are found in specific areas of the body and often depends on environmental factors such as pH, oxygen concentration, amount of moisture present, etc. Some sites in which native microbial is the skin in which you often find staphylococci, streptococci, diptheriod bacilli, yeast and fungi. You often find staphylococci, streptococci, diotheriod, spirochetes, and members of the genera Branhamella, Neisseria, and Haemophilus in the throat or the upper respiratory tract. In this exercise, we identified microorganisms that normally reside in the throat and skin and compared them using streak plate inoculations. There are several different types on plates used to identify native flora of the skin and throat. Blood agar contains mammalian blood (usually sheep or horse) and is used to isolate fastidious organisms and detect a-gemolytic acitivity and b-hemolytic activity and is specifically used to determine the presence of staphylococci and streptococci on the skin and throat. A mannitol salt agar plate is used for identifying native skin flora and is inoculated to observe the presence of staphylococci, specifically the pathogenic versus the non-pathogenic. The pathogenic causes yellow coloration of the medium surrounding the growth. A Sabouraud agar plate is also used for identifying native skin flora and detects years and molds. Yeast cells will develop colonies that are elevated, moist and glistening and mold colonies will appear as fuzzy, powdery growths. Materials: -blood agar plates -Mannitol salt agar plates -sabouraud agar plates -nutrient agar plates -2, 5mL sterile saline tubes -sterile cotton swabs Methods: Each student must take a sterile cotton swab and either swabs the back of their throat, their palm, or the bottom of their foot. After swabbing for approximately 10-15 seconds we mixed the swab in the solution of sterile saline tubes. Then we each had our own nutrient agar plate, blood agar,  mannitol salt, and sabouraud, so we labeled each and steaked them. Then we inoculated the plates and sit for approximately two days. Then we observed and recorded out findings. We noted number of colonies. CultureThroat SpecimenSkin Specimen Blood agarclear circles, many coloniesWhite, smooth colonies, many Mannitol salt No colonies, medium was red (+) small round colonies, few SabouraudNo colonies(-), few colonies, few  Nutrient broth Round/globular, few Small circular, smooth Discussion: For most of the agar plates including the mannitoal salt agar, sabouraud agar and the nutrient agar there wasn’t many microorganisms growing. We did find that microorganisms seemed to grow best on the blood agar. On the blood agar, the throat specimen appeared to have many clear colonies while the skin specimen had larder white colonies. There were no yellow colonies indicating that there was no pathogenic microbe. When looking at the other plates, we observed more colonies present when examining the skin specimen in comparison to the throat specimen. All of the colonies on the sabouraud, mannitol and nutrient agar were small, white colonies. The reason we may have observed more colonies on the skin specimen in comparison to the throat specimen could be due to the fact that the person that swabbed their throat (me) did not do it for a long enough period of time and therefore, did not observe bacteria growing on the cultures. It could also be because the agars were not the specific environment necessary for those microorganisms to survive. It would be interesting to make slides of these microorganisms to get a closer look at what they look like and be able to differentiate between them on a microscopic level.